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Kaposi’s sarcoma in immunosuppressed patients due to chemotherapy or...
In the past, highly prevalent cancers affecting organs such as the lung, colon, breast, or prostate have received a significant level of attention. Less commonly occurring cancers such as brain...
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A triplex-forming bridged nucleic acid oligonucleotide peptide conjugate...
The mechanism by which molecules move across the cell’s nuclear membrane is called “nuclear transport.” Nuclear pore complexes control the entry and exit of larger molecules. To move across the nuclear...
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Thiamine (Vitamin B1) and RNA capping
RNA molecules like messenger RNA are known to have modifications on their 5’-terminal ends. In recent years, scientists have confirmed many 5’-modified RNA molecules, including RNA modified with...
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Of Target Effects in small interfering RNA or siRNA
Off-target effects in RNA interference screens occur where small interfering RNAs directly affect the expression of genes other than the targeted gene. Microarray experiments indicated that small...
View ArticleCustom synthesis of N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNac) siRNA
When conjugated to oligonucleotide drugs, Triantennary N-Acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) enhances their specific delivery to targets in liver cells. Already, the FDA has approved several GalNAc-conjugated...
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Affinity-controlled release of 5-fluorouracil by synthetic peptide...
Molecular advances in the arena of biotechnology are increasingly making an impact on future biomedicine. As opposed to directly utilizing natural product-derived medicine, understanding its...
View ArticleAntisense Oligonucleotides as Tracers for PET Imaging
Oligonucleotides hybridize with high selectivity to RNA sequences allowing monitoring of gene expression or its inhibition in experimental and therapeutic applications. Custom-synthesized antisense...
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Controlled Release Linkers For New Therapeutic Drugs
New drugs, such as oligonucleotide-based antisense drugs, peptide-drug conjugates, or lipid-drug conjugates, can potentially treat or cure many diseases. However, the drugs must reach their specific...
View ArticleMITO-Porters Enable Delivery of Antisense Drugs to Mitochondria
Antisense RNA oligonucleotides (ASOs) potentially allow gene silencing by mitochondrial delivery to target mtDNA-encoded mRNA. MITO-Porters are liposomal nanocarrier systems designed for mitochondrial...
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Custom single- and double-stranded RNA to study uridylation
RNA uridylation has now emerged as a widespread posttranscriptional regulator of gene expression. Single- and double-stranded RNAs available as custom RNAs allow the study of uridylation mechanisms....
View ArticleUV Absorption and Extinction Coefficients of DNA and RNA
The extinction coefficient of DNA and RNA refers to the ability of these molecules to absorb ultraviolet (UV) light at a specific wavelength. The extinction coefficient allows measuring the...
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The efficacy of FDA-approved drug inhibiting the ‘cap snatching’ endonuclease...
With the gradual decline in the number of COVID-19 infections (total of ~103 million cases in the U. S. alone during the 3-year pandemic), the attention is returning to flu, which is projected to...
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Methods to calculate nucleic acid mass concentration using absorbance maxima...
Utilizing UV absorbance spectrophotometry allows for the rapid quantification of nuclei acids. This type of analysis is the most popular analytical method used. UV absorbance spectrophotometry enables...
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Bio-Orthogonal Conjugation, the Staudinger Reaction, and the 2022 Nobel Prize...
Bio-orthogonal reactions allow the tagging of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and oligonucleotides (DNA and RNA) with reporter molecules, the conjugation of molecular building blocks to each...
View ArticleDideoxynucleotide chain termination oligonucleotides and their application
Because of their unique properties, several molecular biology methods utilize dideoxynucleotides. For example, the dideoxynucleotide chain-terminating method uses deoxyribonucleotides lacking a...
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Synthetic 5’-Triphosphate Oligonucleotides
Synthetic oligonucleotide-based therapeutics, including antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and modified oligonucleotides, require high-quality products at high...
View ArticleTargeted delivery of siRNA
Targeted delivery of small interfering RNA (siRNA) allows precise delivery of siRNA molecules to a particular tissue, cell type, or cellular compartment within an organism. siRNAs are a class of small...
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Phosphoryl guanidine oligo-2′-O-methylribonucleotides in neutral therapeutic...
Phosphoryl guanidine oligo-2’-O-methylribonucleotides (2’-OMe PGOs) are a newer version of uncharged or neutral RNA analogs with high RNA affinity. 2’-OMe PGOs penetrate through bacterial cell walls...
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The photolabile 2-(2-nitrophenyl) propoxy-carbonyl (NPPOC) group allows for...
The development of the 2-(2-nitrophenyl) propoxy-carbonyl (NPPOC) group permitted the manufacture of microarrays of long oligonucleotides. The NPPOC photolabile protecting group essentially allows...
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The protein musclin promotes exercise-induced cardiac conditioning
The protein musclin, known as osteocrin, regulates muscle metabolism and growth and is essential for exercise-induced cardiac protection. Inducing musclin signaling might serve as a novel therapeutic...
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