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Potential use of mRNA encoding scFv recognizing amyloid-beta peptide to treat...
The last century has witnessed a considerable increase in life expectancy. Compared to the 1900s, the average lifespan increased by nearly 30 years for those born in the 2000s in the U. S. Multiple...
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Antisense targeting of SARS-CoV-2 virus with BNAs
Can antisense oligonucleotides containing bridged nucleic acids (BNAs) be used for COVID-19 therapies?Recent research suggests that bridged nucleic acid (BNA) antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) enable...
View ArticleRNA nucleotide repeats, Poly(A) RNA, and phase separation
The expansion of short nucleotide repeats is the cause of several neurological and neuromuscular disorders. Disease-causing short nucleotide repeats occur in the coding or non-coding regions of RNA...
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FDA approves second RNA interference-inducing siRNA oligonucleotide drug for...
The post-transcriptional mechanism RNA interference silences gene expression by cleaving long double stranded RNA (dsRNA) into short dsRNA fragments, which are then unwound into single stranded RNAs to...
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Site specific labeling of long RNA with biotin for diagnostic or other purposes
For experimental biomedical science, the ability of biotin to bind to streptavidin with high affinity has been exploited for both purification and detection purposes. This has also been the case with...
View ArticleApplications for circular oligonucleotides
A closed-loop configuration formed from a linear nucleic oligonucleotide by an intramolecular covalent linkage of their two ends characterizes circular nucleic acids.Circular nucleic acids (CNAs) exist...
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Fatty acid conjugated BNA antisense oligonucleotides exhibit enhanced uptake...
Conjugation of antisense oligonucleotides containing bridged nucleic acids (BNAs) to palmitic acid enhances the uptake by targeted cells as well as their potency.Prakash et al. in 2019 reported a...
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Tumor drug penetration measurement reveals limited distribution of...
One of the major challenges for cancer therapy is the occurrence of side effects. The problem remains unresolved for either cytostatic or cytotoxic drugs. Whereas cytostatic drugs arrest cell...
View ArticleExpanded RNA repeat diseases
The expansion of RNA repeats is the cause for neurodegenerative disorders. Abnormal RNA-protein interactions disrupt the physiological functions of proteins.Many transcripts contain short tandem...
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SARS-CoV-2 modifies the host's mRNA cap to evade an innate immunity response!
The new SARS coronavirus, which is the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, hijacks the translation machinery in human host cells by converting Cap-0 to Cap-1 in the host's mRNA to avoid an innate immune...
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Coronaviruses proofread their RNA!
Like cellular DNA, cellular and non-cellular agents constantly damage RNA. In DNA, many lesions can block replication. The 3′ → 5′ exonuclease proofreading activity of replicative DNA polymerases...
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Therapeutic peptide discovery via high throughput screening of random peptide...
In recent years, the method of high throughput screening has become a mainstay in both biological and pharmaceutical researches. The ability to identify protein(s) interacting with a target protein...
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Sugar modifications for gene silencing using siRNA
Modifications of the ribose unit in DNA and RNA oligonucleotides influence the biological properties and base-pairing ability of nucleic acids. In natural RNA, during RNA maturation, various enzymes...
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Phosphate modifications for gene silencing with RNAi
In RNA interference, small interfering RNAs recognize messenger RNA homologs in cells and induce their degradation.When developing siRNA-based drugs for therapeutic use, problems encountered are their...
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5'-Phosphate modifications for gene silencing with RNAi
In 2005, Pham & Sontheimer studied the molecular requirements for RNA-induced silencing (RNAi) complex (RISC) assembly in the Drosophila RNA interference pathway. The study used native gel...
View ArticleNucleic Acid Base modifications for gene silencing with RNAi
Properly designed antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) or siRNAs allow the cleavage of specific messenger RNA (mRNA) strands.AONs and siRNAs take advantage of endogenous cellular pathways to silence the...
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Increased risk for cancer in diabetic patients and innovative strategy to...
Diabetes has been described in ancient Egyptian documents as early as ca. 1500 B.C. Yet, treatment has not been available until 1920s when insulin was first isolated (Nobel prize, 1923). Worldwide,...
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Self-amplifying RNA and mRNA vaccines
As Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Inc. have recently demonstrated, synthetic RNA platforms allow for rapid, scalable, and cell-free manufacturing of vaccines based on optimized, modified mRNA. This...
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NAD-RNA capping
The NAD-RNA cap stabilizes small regulatory RNAs in bacteria.The 5'-terminal ends of cellular mRNAs contain a m7GpppN cap, in which N can be any nucleotide. In eukaryotes, the RNA helicase eIF4A, the...
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Synthetic long single-stranded and circular DNA
Synthetic long single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as well as circular DNA allow functional studies in vitro and in vivo. Improvements in DNA and RNA oligonucleotide synthesis methods enabled the production of...
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