Trained Immunity and COVID-19
Priming the innate immune system could prepare our immune system for a future viral attack by SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, and prevent infection and even clear the infection faster. A viral...
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Stability and Storage of Oligonucleotides
Oligonucleotides are relatively stable molecules. However, to avoid degradation and loss, it is essential to store oligonucleotides under the right conditions. Handling, stability, and storage of...
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Ribose 2’-O-methylation, “self and non-self,” and Coronaviruses
Ribose 2’-O-methylation is a molecular signature of self and non-self. Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of higher eukaryotes have 5’-cap structures with ribose 2’-O-methylation. The mRNA can occur methylated at...
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Mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein
The spike (S) protein of the virus mediates receptor binding and membrane fusion. The sequence specificity also defines the range of the hosts and the specificity of the virus. Also, the S protein is...
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The potential use of DNA or mRNA-based vaccines incorporating modified...
In trying to find an immediate intervention strategy to counter the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers have been focusing on developing antiviral vaccines. In the preceding article, various designs that...
View ArticlePrimers for Respiratory Virus Diagnostics
Primers for influenza viruses, parainfluenza viruses, adenoviruses, coronaviruses, orthohantaviruses, respiratory syncytial virus and human metapneumovirus, and rhinoviruses. Several viruses can infect...
View ArticleSome Definitions of Chemical and Biochemical Terms used in Laboratories
The following contains a list of definitions for terms commonly used in a laboratory. Table 1: Some Definitions of Chemical and Biochemical Terms used in Laboratories Term DefinitionsSolutionThe...
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Diagnosing the androgen receptor splicing variant ARv7: a biomarker of...
Prostate cancer represents the third leading cancer for men with >80% expected to be diagnosed with prostate cancer by the age 80. Worldwide, it accounts for ~350,000 deaths yearly with nearly...
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Messenger RNA turnover and their half-live
Vaccine development based on messenger RNA (mRNA) is a promising new very useful vaccination approach the production of vaccines against coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV or SARS-Cov-2 (COVID-19) as well...
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Anatomy of messenger RNAs (mRNAs)
Exogenous mRNA allows the development of mRNA-based therapeutics to treat a variety of diseases such as genetic disorders, cancer, infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and vaccine development....
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RNA Capping and De-Capping
The 5’-cap of eukaryotic mRNA is required for cellular function. The 5’-cap consist of an inverted 7-methylguanosine connected to the rest of the eukaryotic mRNA via a 5’-5’-triphosphate bridge (m7G...
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Vitamin B12 stabilizes an mRNA regulatory switch
Humans need cobalamin (vitamin B12) for producing red blood cells and a healthy nervous system. Vitamin B12 is required in humans to produce healthy red blood cells in the bone marrow. Since vitamin...
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Ongoing clinical trials assess the safety and efficacy of mRNA vaccines...
The recent pandemic caused by COVID-19 coronavirus has garnered unprecedented global effort to find appropriate therapeutics. Though our understanding of the underlying pathology is still incomplete,...
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RNA network analysis using biotinylated-RNA affinity probes.
In cells, RNA transcripts are bound to proteins to form RNA binding protein complexes (RBPs). RBPs play essential roles in regulating cellular processes, such as RNA metabolism, trafficking, mRNA...
View ArticleMass spectrometry combined with X-ray crystallography allows the...
Messenger RNA (mRNA) regulates cell proliferation. The 5’- terminal ends of cellular mRNAs contain an m7GpppN cap, in which N can be any nucleotide. The RNA helicase eIF4A and the scaffold protein...
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N1-Methylspeudouridine-incorporated mRNA provides enhanced protein expression...
Therapeutic synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are now famous for developing vaccines against viruses and the treatment of cancers. The use of mRNA as a therapeutic has virtually no risk of genomic...
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Applying mRNA based technology to express a surplus of decoy ACE2 receptors...
There has been an increased interest in mRNA technology due to the roll out of mRNA based vaccines for COVID-19 prevention. The expected resurgence of COVID-19 in the latter part of 2020 did...
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N1-Methylpseudouridine-incorporated mRNA provides enhanced protein expression...
Therapeutic synthetic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are now famous for developing vaccines against viruses and the treatment of cancers. The use of mRNA as a therapeutic has virtually no risk of genomic...
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Argonaute-2 can bind metabolic stable siRNAs
Incorporating chemical modifications will stabilize small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) metabolically and improve tissue distribution.RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous regulatory pathway silencing a...
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Point Mutation Detection with Bridged Nucleic Acids (BNAs)
Molecular probes containing bridged nucleic acids (BNAs) at selected positions in combination with real-time PCR allow the detection of pathogen mutants that can cause various disorders in...
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