An Effective Detection Method for the EGFR Single Mustation T790M Using...
Abstract: Mutations on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) cause a variety of cancers including breast and lung cancers. The single mutation T790M on tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR signifies the...
View ArticlePCR protocol for BNA clamping
PCR protocol for BNA clampingMany mutations in human signaling and membrane receptor proteins are the cause of many cancers. Screening for these mutations allows identification of biomarkers that...
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The Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR
The Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique that allows making many copies of a piece of DNA in a laboratory using readily available reagents. During the...
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N-acetylgalactosamine or GalNAc
N-acetylgalactosamine N-acetylgalactosamine, or n-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine, or n-acetyl-α-D-galactosamine, alpha-GalNAc; TN saccharide; alpha-GalpNAc; GalNAc-alpha; n-acetyl- α-D-galactosamine; or...
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Aging, disease and the repair of damaged interstrand cross-linked DNA
During aging and disease, cellular damage is accumulated in cells of organisms such as animals and humans. Interstrand DNA crosslinks (ICLs) are formed by metabolic products as well as chemotherapeutic...
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Bioconjugation Chemistries for Molecular Engineering
Bioconjugation Chemistries for Molecular EngineeringRecent developments in protein engineering, also known as bioengineering, have enabled the production of modified biomolecules such as proteins, DNA...
View ArticleConjugation of small saccharides to carrier proteins
Small saccharides are not normally immunogenic, unless they are conjugated to a carrier protein. Hence, they are usually linked to a protein in ways that the structural integrity of the saccharide is...
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Bioconjugation Chemistry for Molecular Engineering
Bioconjugation Chemistry for Molecular EngineeringRecent developments in protein engineering, also known as bioengineering, have enabled the production of modified biomolecules such as proteins, DNA...
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A new BNA-NC-DNA-peptide conjugate as a potential treatment for multi-drug...
A new BNA-NC-DNA-peptide conjugate as a potential treatment for multi-drug resistant infections. A new type of BNA/DNA-peptide conjugate has been developed for the treatment of drug-resistant...
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Sulfated Tyrosine Peptides or Sulfotyrosine Peptides
Tyrosine sulfation is a post-translational modification of proteins and peptides. Many secreted and trans-membrane proteins contain sulfated tyrosine residues, including chemokine receptors. The...
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Design rules for Molecular Beacons
Design Rules for Molecular Beacons Many innovative technologies and methods for sensitive and accurate genetic analysis have been developed during the last few years. The polymerase chain reaction...
View ArticleLight-sensitive nucleotides
Light-sensitive nucleotides Light-sensitive oligonucleotides, also called Caged oligonucleotides, allow for the control of complex chemical and biological reactions through photoactivation using UV...
View ArticleCaged nucleobases for optochemical control of DNA functions
Caged nucleobases for optochemical control of DNA functionsCaged molecular probes, or light-sensitive oligonucleotide based probes, enable the rapid release of biologically active molecules. Caging...
View ArticleChemical structures of caged nucleobases
Chemical structures of caged nucleobases Most of the caging groups described in the literature employ the o-nitrobenzylic group. But other structural types have been reported as well. The caging or...
View ArticleA General Design for Caging Groups
A General Design for Caging Groups To improve caging groups for the use of different applications such as photolithography or DNA arrays several types of caging groups have been designed. Figure 1...
View ArticleMolecular Diagnostics and the Detection of DNA and RNA Viruses
Molecular Diagnostics and the Detection of DNA and RNA Viruses Many molecular diagnostics techniques or tests first developed for their use in molecular biology and biotechnology laboratories are now...
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Bioconjugate Chemistry for Molecular Engineering
Bioconjugate Chemistry for Molecular EngineeringRecent developments in protein engineering, also known as bioengineering, have enabled the production of modified biomolecules such as proteins, DNA and...
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Design Guidelines for BNA based Oligonucleotide Probes
Design Guidelines for BNA based Oligonucleotide Probes Artificially modified nucleic acids, such as bridged nucleic acids (BNAs), can be used to increase the thermal stability of probes and primers...
View ArticleAlzheimer’s disease: Toward the rational design of an effective vaccine
The promising clinical results with the human monoclonal antibodies aducanumab and solanezumab targetingβ-amyloid in Alzheimer’s disease treatment, confirm both the amyloid cascade hypothesis and...
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What are MicroRNAs or miRNAs?
What are MicroRNAs or miRNAs? miRNAs are a class of endogenous small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) approximately 21 to 24 nucleotides in length found in plants and animals including humans. MiRNAs have...
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